Austral: https://borretti.me/article/introducing-austral https://github.com/austral/austral
- Systems language with linear types and capability-based security
Vale https://github.com/ValeLang/Vale
- Vale is AOT compiled to LLVM, statically-typed, and uses the new generational references technique for memory safety with speed and flexibility, and will soon have region borrow checking to make it even faster.
- memory-safe single ownership without garbage collection or a borrow checker, which makes it easy to write safe, fast code.
- To solve this, Vale has Fearless FFI which decouples and isolates unsafe C data from safe Vale data.
- Separate the safe memory from the unsafe memory (such as the memory managed by C). This includes:
- Not allowing safe objects to contain unsafe objects.
- Not allowing unsafe objects to contain safe objects.
- Using a different stack for the unsafe code.
- Allowing references between the two:
- A safe object can contain a reference to an unsafe object.
- An unsafe object can contain a reference to a safe object, and it's automatically scrambled.
- Enable passing memory between the two by copying, also known as message passing.
- Separate the safe memory from the unsafe memory (such as the memory managed by C). This includes:
Ezno: alternative to TS
Dafny https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny/
- Static checking of pre/post conditions
- compile your code to C#, Go, Python, Java, or JavaScript
- extensive toolbox for mathematical proofs, such as unbounded and bounded quantifiers, calculational proofs, pre- and post-conditions, termination conditions, loop invariants, and read/write specifications.
https://www.hylo-lang.org/ (fka val lang) https://github.com/hylo-lang/hylo
- mutable value semantics
- below,
longer_ofis not a function; it’s a subscript. A subscript does not return a value, it projects one, granting the caller temporary read and/or write access to it
subscript longer_of(_ a: inout String, _ b: inout String): String {
if b.count() > a.count() { yield &b } else { yield &a }
}
fun emphasize(_ z: inout String, strength: Int = 1) {
z.append(repeat_element("!", count: strength))
}
public fun main() {
var (x, y) = ("Hi", "World")
emphasize(&longer_of[&x, &y])
print("${x} ${y}") // "Hi World!"
}
https://koka-lang.github.io/koka/doc/index.html https://github.com/koka-lang/koka
- effect types and handlers
Carbon (Google C++ frontend)
cppfront (Herb Sutter)